Trigger finger is a common medical condition that can cause considerable discomfort and limit movement in fingers and thumbs. It affects people of all ages but is more likely to occur with age. Understanding the trigger finger is important for both patients and caregivers as it can help them to identify the condition earlier on and take action to reduce its effects.
History and Definition
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb. It occurs when the tendons in the finger or thumb become inflamed and swollen, making it difficult for the affected finger or thumb to move smoothly.
The condition was first described by French physician Alphonse Notta in 1850, and it is characterized by the finger or thumb getting stuck in a bent position and then suddenly popping straight. It is caused by a narrowed or constricted sheath that surrounds the tendons of the affected finger or thumb. This condition can be treated with rest, physical therapy, or in some cases, surgery.
Symptoms
The symptoms of trigger finger can include:
- A feeling of stiffness or a popping sensation when you move your finger or thumb, especially when you first wake up in the morning.
- A painful or tender bump (nodule) on the palm side of the affected finger or thumb, at the base of the finger or thumb.
- A catching or locking sensation in the affected finger or thumb can make it difficult or impossible to fully straighten the finger or thumb.
- Swelling or redness in the affected finger or thumb.
- Difficulty grasping or holding objects due to the stiffness or locking of the affected finger or thumb.
Symptoms can vary in severity, and some people may experience only mild symptoms, while others may have severe pain and difficulty moving the affected finger or thumb. Symptoms may also come and go and can be worse in the morning or after prolonged use of the affected finger or thumb. If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it is important to consult with a doctor or a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Causes
The exact cause of a trigger finger is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to the tendons and the sheath that surrounds them in the finger or thumb. Some factors that may contribute to the development of trigger fingers include:
- Repetitive hand movements or gripping activities: People who engage in repetitive hand movements or grip activities, such as musicians, assembly line workers, or athletes, may be at a higher risk of developing trigger fingers.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: People with rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to develop trigger fingers as the disease can cause inflammation and thickening of the tendons and the sheath.
- Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, gout, and thyroid disorders, can increase the risk of developing a trigger finger.
- Trauma or injury: Trauma or injury to the hand or finger can also lead to the development of a trigger finger.
- Age: The condition is more common in people over the age of 40.
Occasionally, trigger fingers may not have an identifiable cause. If you have any concerns or are experiencing symptoms of a trigger finger, it is important to consult with a doctor or a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of a trigger finger typically begins with a physical examination by a doctor or a specialist. The doctor will examine the affected finger or thumb and may ask you to move it in different ways to check for any stiffness or locking.
During the physical examination, the doctor may also check for any signs of inflammation or swelling, and may check for any tenderness or pain in the affected area.
In some cases, the doctor may also order imaging tests such as an x-ray or ultrasound to get a better look at the tendons and the sheath surrounding them. These imaging tests can help to confirm the diagnosis of a trigger finger and to rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.
The diagnosis of the trigger finger is based on clinical presentation. The doctor will ask about your symptoms, occupation, and any medical conditions you have, and will examine your hands and fingers.
In some cases, the doctor may also ask about your medical history and any other symptoms you may be experiencing, to help determine the underlying cause of the condition.
If you have any concerns or are experiencing symptoms of a trigger finger, it is important to consult with a doctor or a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. They will be able to help you determine the best course of treatment for your condition based on the severity of your symptoms and your overall health.
Treatment
Treatment for trigger finger varies depending on the severity of the condition and may include:
Non-Surgical
- Conservative treatment: In mild cases of trigger finger, conservative treatment options may be recommended. This may include rest and avoiding activities that aggravate the condition, using a splint to keep the affected finger or thumb in a straight position, and physical therapy to help improve flexibility and strength in the affected finger or thumb.
- Medications: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to help reduce pain and inflammation.
- Injection therapy: A corticosteroid injection may be given to help reduce inflammation and pain.
Surgical
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to release the constriction of the sheath surrounding the tendons. This procedure is called a percutaneous trigger finger release, and it is typically done on an outpatient basis under local anesthesia.
During the surgery, a small incision is made in the affected finger or thumb, and the constriction of the sheath is released. The procedure usually takes about 20 minutes, and patients can usually return to their normal activities within a few days after the surgery.
- Recovery: After the surgery, patients will have a bandage over the incision and will be advised to keep the affected finger or thumb elevated and use ice to reduce swelling and pain. They will be able to move their finger or thumb right away but need to avoid heavy gripping or strenuous activities for a while.
Physical therapy may be recommended to help improve flexibility and strength in the affected finger or thumb. It is important to follow the doctor’s instructions for care and recovery to ensure proper healing and prevent complications.
In general, the outcome of the surgery is good and most patients experience improvement in their symptoms as well as regaining range of motion and strength in the affected finger. However, as with any surgery, there are some risks involved such as infection, bleeding, nerve damage and stiffness. Your doctor will discuss these with you before the surgery and will provide you with a comprehensive post-operative care plan.
Risk Factors
Several risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing a trigger finger, including:
- Repetitive hand movements or gripping activities: People who engage in repetitive hand movements or grip activities, such as musicians, assembly line workers, or athletes, may be at a higher risk of developing trigger fingers.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: People with rheumatoid arthritis are more likely to develop trigger fingers as the disease can cause inflammation and thickening of the tendons and the sheath.
- Certain medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, gout, and thyroid disorders, can increase the risk of developing a trigger finger.
- Trauma or injury: Trauma or injury to the hand or finger can also lead to the development of a trigger finger.
- Age: The condition is more common in people over the age of 40.
- Gender: Women have a higher chance of getting trigger fingers than men.
- Occupation: People who work in jobs that require repetitive motions or gripping may have a higher risk of developing trigger fingers.
- Obesity: People who are obese may have a higher risk of developing trigger fingers.
Trigger fingers can affect anyone, although some people are at a higher risk than others. If you have any concerns or are experiencing symptoms of a trigger finger, it is important to consult with a doctor or a specialist for proper diagnosis and treatment. They will be able to help you determine the best course of treatment for your condition based on the severity of your symptoms and your overall health.
Complications
Complications of a trigger finger can include:
- Persistent pain and tenderness in the affected finger or thumb
- Stiffness and difficulty moving the affected finger or thumb
- A lump or bump (nodule) at the base of the affected finger or thumb
- Recurrent locking or catching of the affected finger or thumb
- Inability to fully straighten the affected finger or thumb
- In severe cases, a trigger finger can progress to a frozen finger, where the finger is stuck in a bent position and cannot be straightened.
In rare cases, a trigger finger can also lead to more serious complications, such as an infection of the tendon sheath or a complete rupture of the tendon. These complications typically require prompt medical attention.
When to See a Doctor
If you are experiencing pain, or difficulty moving the affected finger, or if you notice any swelling or locking of your finger joint, it is important to seek medical help. Your doctor will be able to diagnose and provide treatment for the trigger finger. This may include rest and putting a splint on your finger to provide extra support and immobilize it. If the condition persists or worsens over time, more aggressive treatments such as corticosteroid injections or surgery may be necessary.
It is also essential to see a doctor if there is any numbness in the affected area, or if the range of motion in your fingers becomes limited due to stiffness. Trigger fingers can become progressively worse over time if left untreated, so seeking medical attention promptly is important. Your doctor will be able to assess your symptoms and provide the best course of action for treating your condition.
Step-by-Step Guide to Trigger Fingers Treatment
If you or someone you know is suffering from a trigger finger, it is important to look into treatment options.
Consultation
The first step in treating a trigger finger is visiting a medical doctor for an evaluation. During the consultation, your physician will ask you about your symptoms and history of any past finger injuries. They may also perform a physical examination to assess the condition of your tendons and ligaments. Your doctor will then recommend the most appropriate treatment plan for you depending on the severity of your condition.
Diagnosis
After consulting with your doctor, they may decide to run tests such as imaging or laboratory studies to further investigate the cause of your trigger finger. Imaging tests include X-rays or MRIs which can help identify tissue damage or deformities that may be contributing to the condition. Laboratory studies such as a complete blood count (CBC) or C-reactive protein test can help rule out any underlying infections that may be causing inflammation in your finger joint.
Treatment
Once the cause of your trigger finger has been identified, there are several treatment options available for alleviating symptoms and preventing further damage. These include:
- Non-Surgical Treatments: Non-surgical treatments such as anti-inflammatory medications, splinting, physical therapy and steroid injections can help relieve pain and reduce swelling caused by the trigger finger. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as avoiding activities that put a strain on your fingers, using ergonomic keyboards and taking frequent breaks while typing can also aid in reducing symptoms.
- Surgical Treatments: If non-surgical treatments are not effective at relieving your trigger finger, surgery may be recommended by your doctor. During the procedure, a surgeon will make a small incision in your hand to release the tight tendon and allow it to move more freely. This can help reduce pain and improve mobility in the affected finger joint.
Recovery
After undergoing trigger finger treatment, you may experience some swelling and discomfort which should gradually subside over time. Your doctor will recommend techniques such as icing or elevation to help reduce swelling and promote healing.
Additionally, they may also suggest physical therapy exercises to improve the strength and flexibility of the affected joint. It is important to follow all post-operative instructions provided by your doctor to ensure a successful recovery.
Follow Up Care
Following trigger finger treatment, it is recommended that you schedule follow-up appointments with your doctor to monitor the progress of your recovery and ensure that the condition does not recur. During these visits, your doctor may recommend additional treatments or lifestyle modifications as needed. They will also evaluate any new symptoms and provide guidance on how to prevent further injury or aggravation of the trigger finger.
Conclusion
Trigger finger is a common condition that can cause pain and limited mobility in the affected finger. Fortunately, there are several treatment options available for relieving symptoms and preventing further damage. By consulting with your doctor, undergoing appropriate tests and following their recommendations for treatment, you can reduce discomfort and improve your quality of life.
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We understand that everyone has different needs when it comes to their surgical needs. That is why our individualized approach ensures that you are given the best care available. We are dedicated to providing you with a safe environment so your surgery can be completed successfully and with minimal risks associated.
If you would like to request a consultation or set up an appointment for trigger fingers with Dr. Colin Hong, please contact us at (416) 222-6986 or info@drcolinhong.com. Remember to leave your full name, email, and phone number so we can get back to you in a timely manner. Additionally, please make sure to obtain a referral from your family doctor before scheduling an appointment with Dr. Hong.
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